Grade 2 Social Studies Arkansas standards Standards

History

Geography

Economics

Civics

Understand the impact of origins, structures, and functions of institutions and laws on society and citizens. This includes personal civic rights, roles, responsibilities, and processes by which laws are made and amended.

Identify founding documents of the United States:<ul><li>Declaration of Independence</li><li>U.S. Constitution</li><li>Bill of Rights</li></ul>

Describe and classify roles and responsibilities of people in authority in communities which may include:<ul><li>School district: school superintendent and school board</li><li>City: mayor and city council</li><li>State: governor and General Assembly</li><li>Nation: President and Congress</li></ul>

Explain the functions of government using local examples such as infrastructure, safety, and rules/laws.

Explain the significance of state and national symbols, patriotic songs, and mottos:<ul><li>American flag</li><li>Flag etiquette</li><li>Star Spangled Banner</li><li>Recitation of Pledge of Allegiance</li><li>National Motto: In God we Trust</li><li>State Seal</li><li>Diana fritillary butterfly</li><li>Fiddle</li><li>Quartz</li><li>Bauxite</li><li>Pink Tomato</li></ul>

Describe roles and responsibilities of individuals in a democracy.

Discuss ways to build a consensus with a group when making a decision that can bring about change.

Discuss how rules and laws impact students and communities which may include:<ul><li>school board</li><li>school handbook</li><li>classroom expectations</li></ul>

Compare successful and unsuccessful attempts to improve communities.

Identify ways people benefit from and are challenged by working together in response to problems.

Understand the structure and functions of various types of government and how they exercise their powers.

Understand the role of citizens in society, the ways the government protects the rights of citizens, the electoral process, and the role of political parties.

Understand the process of making and changing laws and the ways institutions work together in carrying out the laws.

Understand the impact of origins, structures, and functions of institutions and laws on society and Indigenous peoples. This includes the relationship of the Native nations and the United States during various time periods.

Understand the structure and functions of various types of tribal government and how they exercise their powers. This includes the progress and challenges of present-day Native America.

Understand the impact of economic decision-making. This includes the exchange of goods and services; role of producers, consumers, and government in the marketplace; and growth, stability, and interdependence within a global economy.

Explain examples of scarcity and opportunity cost.

Describe the process by which products are produced, transported, and sold, including the importance of the trucking industry.

Products produced abroad and sold domestically may include:<ul><li>cars</li> <li>crude oil</li> <li>computers</li></ul>

Products produced domestically in Arkansas and sold abroad include:<ul><li>transportation products like airplane parts</li> <li>minerals such as bauxite, bromine, and gypsum</li> <li>wood pulp, paper, rice</li></ul>

Explain a decision related to the criteria of costs and benefits such as the cost-benefit decision model.

Discuss knowledge, skills, education, and experience (i.e., human capital) that workers need for jobs.

Identify ways human, natural, and capital resources come together to produce goods and services.

Describe ways markets exist in various places such as the home, physical location, and Internet.

Explain the role of money in making exchange easier.

Describe reasons people save money in banks.

Explain benefits of public goods and services.

Explain challenges that cause people in one country to trade goods and services with people in other countries.

Understand the impact of economic decision-making. This includes considering the marginal costs and benefits of alternatives.

Understand the exchange of goods and services. This includes different allocation methods and changes in supply and demand; the role of producers, consumers, and government in a market economy; and the degree of competition among buyers and sellers in markets.

Understand the growth, stability, and interdependence within a national economy. This includes the current and future state of the economy using economic indicators and monetary and fiscal policies for a variety of economic conditions.

Understand the growth, stability, and interdependence within a global economy. This includes ways in which trade leads to increased economic interdependence.

Understand the factors affecting income, wealth, and financial risk. This includes the role of credit in personal finance.

Understand the purpose of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs) to understand, analyze, and explain human interaction with each other and with the environment. This includes the spatial characteristics and patterns of human settlement and connections between global regions.

Interpret the information on a map of local places using map keys, symbols, intermediate directions, scale, and compass rose.

Examine how the products that are consumed and the traditions that are celebrated connect people to different parts of the world (e.g., raw materials, art, food, culture).

Investigate ways natural and human-made disasters affect people locally, nationally, and globally.

Describe the physical and human characteristics of a place using geographic tools such as maps, globes, and charts.

Create and label state and national maps using titles, symbols, legends, and a compass rose.

Discuss the impact human choices have on the environment.

Describe ways people of different cultures shape and change the dynamics of a place or region.

Explain the influence of weather, climate, and physical characteristics on people's daily lives in a place or region.

Examine how natural resources such as timber, minerals, oil, coal, and natural gas influence human settlement.

Compare and contrast reasons and methods that people, goods, and ideas move from place to place.

Identify various cultural groups that have come to Arkansas and where they settled.

Understand the purpose of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs) to interpret spatial information. This includes spatial organization of people, cultures, places, and environments within various regions and geographic skills to interpret the past, present, and plan for the future.

Understand the characteristics of different physical and cultural regions and how they change over time (through demographic changes, migration, settlement, and conflict). This includes the impact physical geography has on human systems, including politics, culture, economics, and use of resources and how a region or culture interacts with itself, the environment, and other regions and cultures.

Understand the impact humans have on the environment. This includes the distribution, management, and consumption of resources.

Understand the impact Indigenous peoples have on the environment. This includes the communal view of how Indigenous peoples utilized the land and resources; and the characteristics of the original Indigenous peoples of Arkansas by analyzing artifacts, artwork, and other sources.

Understand chronology, patterns of continuity, and change over time. This includes the contextualization of historical events and ways people gather, view, construct, and interpret historical evidence.

Create historical narratives about a sequence of changes in a community or region over time using primary-source documents such as letters, stories, interviews with elders, photographs, maps, and artifacts. Events may include:<ul><li>Founding of the town</li><li>Development of schools or businesses</li><li>Election of local and county leaders</li></ul>

Create timelines to understand the development of a community or region including its founding and growth.

Compare life in a community past and present using maps, photographs, news stories, artifacts, or interviews (e.g., transportation, communication, recreation, jobs, housing).

Investigate ways individuals, groups, and events have shaped a community.

Explain state and national historical symbols and landmarks and the people and events associated with them.

Compare and contrast different accounts of the same historical event.

Sort or categorize information from different sources to answer a compelling question about a significant historical event or person from Arkansas or the United States.

Identify and compare characteristics and examples of primary and secondary sources (e.g., raw information and first-hand accounts such as interviews, records of events, maps, and artwork versus interpretations and second-hand information like newspaper articles, stories, and book reviews).

Understand key historical periods from the beginning of civilization (World Era 1) through 1500 C.E. (World Era 5). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of nations and cultures of the world.

Understand key historical periods from the United States' Beginnings (Era 1) through 1850 (Era 4). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States.

Understand key historical periods from Civil War and Reconstruction (Era 5) to the Emergence of Modern America, 1890-1930 (Era 7). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States.

Understand key historical periods from the Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945 (Era 8), to the Contemporary United States, 1968 to Present (Era 10). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States

Understand key historical periods from the Emergence of the First Global Age, 1450-1770 (World Era 6), to the Twentieth Century Since 1945 (World Era 9). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of nations and cultures of the world.