Grade 4 Social Studies Arkansas standards Standards

History

Geography

Economics

Civics

Understand the impact of origins, structures, and functions of institutions and laws on society and citizens. This includes personal civic rights, roles, responsibilities, and processes by which laws are made and amended.

Explain the rights and responsibilities citizens have according to the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and Bill of Rights:<ul><li>Freedoms (religion, speech, press, peaceable assembly)</li><li>Rights (personal protection, fair trial by jury, vote, fair and equal treatment under the law)</li><li>Responsibility to respect the rights and property of others</li></ul>

Explain the responsibilities government officials have to follow the law, to protect the rights of citizens, and to have integrity in different branches of government at various levels (i.e., local, state, federal).

Compare state and federal governments' origins, functions, and structures.

Analyze the role state and national symbols, patriotic songs, and mottos play in fostering citizenship:<ul><li>American and Arkansas flags</li><li>Flag etiquette</li><li>Star Spangled Banner</li><li>Recitation of Pledge of Allegiance</li><li>Statue of Liberty</li><li>Arkansas motto and state seal</li></ul>

Evaluate changes in citizens' rights and responsibilities over time.

Evaluate decision-making processes such as used for acting upon civic problems.

Compare the processes for creating rules and laws at the local and state levels:<ul><li>city ordinance v. state law</li><li>city council v. state legislators</li></ul>

Examine the relationship between people and rules/laws.

Analyze group actions and responses to local, state, national, and/or global problems.

Understand the structure and functions of various types of government and how they exercise their powers.

Understand the role of citizens in society, the ways the government protects the rights of citizens, the electoral process, and the role of political parties.

Understand the process of making and changing laws and the ways institutions work together in carrying out the laws.

Understand the impact of origins, structures, and functions of institutions and laws on society and Indigenous peoples. This includes the relationship of the Native nations and the United States during various time periods.

Understand the structure and functions of various types of tribal government and how they exercise their powers. This includes the progress and challenges of present-day Native America.

Understand the impact of economic decision-making. This includes the exchange of goods and services; role of producers, consumers, and government in the marketplace; and growth, stability, and interdependence within a global economy.

Analyze the effects of scarcity and opportunity cost during the decision-making process.

Explain how trading commodities (e.g., soybeans, rice, cotton) has led to economic interdependence between Arkansas, other states, and other countries (e.g., Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia).

Explain effects of increasing economic interdependence on different groups within a nation, which may include Arkansas's agricultural industry and its impact on natural resources, increased competition, and the shift in labor force.

Apply an economic decision-making model when making decisions such as the PACED decision-making.

Analyze how knowledge, skills, education, and experience (i.e., human capital) can impact productivity, career advancement, and potential income.

Explain ways entrepreneurs and businesses organize human, natural, and capital resources to produce goods and services such as Walmart, J.B. Hunt, Tyson Foods, Dillard's.

Explain effects of supply and demand on prices.

Compare methods of exchange in the United States and around the world (e.g., money, currency, bartering, metals, markets).

Describe the types of financial institutions and their roles in an economy (e.g., banks, Federal Reserve, credit unions, investment firms).

Examine ways governments pay for the goods and services they provide through taxation and fees.

Explain the meaning of inflation, deflation, and unemployment.

Understand the impact of economic decision-making. This includes considering the marginal costs and benefits of alternatives.

Understand the exchange of goods and services. This includes different allocation methods and changes in supply and demand; the role of producers, consumers, and government in a market economy; and the degree of competition among buyers and sellers in markets.

Understand the growth, stability, and interdependence within a national economy. This includes the current and future state of the economy using economic indicators and monetary and fiscal policies for a variety of economic conditions.

Understand the growth, stability, and interdependence within a global economy. This includes ways in which trade leads to increased economic interdependence.

Understand the factors affecting income, wealth, and financial risk. This includes the role of credit in personal finance.

Understand the purpose of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs) to understand, analyze, and explain human interaction with each other and with the environment. This includes the spatial characteristics and patterns of human settlement and connections between global regions.

Compare relative and absolute location (e.g., latitude and longitude) of local and global places on a map.

Describe global connections created through increased trade, transportation, communication, and technology (e.g., tourism; social media; cities and hubs that are central to social, economic, and political decisions; introduction of plant and insect species).

Analyze ways communities cooperate in providing relief efforts during and after natural and human-made disasters.

Compare and contrast the interactions that shape the physical and human characteristics of global places using thematic maps (e.g., climate, political, physical).

Create maps to compare the physical and human characteristics of different places or regions, including titles, symbols, legends, a compass rose, and scale.

Analyze effects of human impact on the environment over time including deforestation/reforestation, flood control, pollution, and urbanization.

Compare the cultural characteristics of various places and region from around the world.

Analyze ways physical characteristics affect population distribution in Arkansas, the United States, and the world.

Compare how natural resources such as metals, sand, stone, soil, freshwater, and wildlife influence human settlement patterns in various geographic regions (e.g., Rocky Mountains, Coastal Plains, Southwest).

Determine effects of movement and distribution of people, goods, and ideas on various places using geographic sources such as maps, satellite images, and geospatial technologies.

Compare push-pull factors that influenced immigration to and migration within the United States, which may include:<ul><li>natural resources</li><li>employment opportunities</li><li>political freedom</li><li>economic freedom</li><li>religious freedom</li></ul>

Understand the purpose of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs) to interpret spatial information. This includes spatial organization of people, cultures, places, and environments within various regions and geographic skills to interpret the past, present, and plan for the future.

Understand the characteristics of different physical and cultural regions and how they change over time (through demographic changes, migration, settlement, and conflict). This includes the impact physical geography has on human systems, including politics, culture, economics, and use of resources and how a region or culture interacts with itself, the environment, and other regions and cultures.

Understand the impact humans have on the environment. This includes the distribution, management, and consumption of resources.

Understand the impact Indigenous peoples have on the environment. This includes the communal view of how Indigenous peoples utilized the land and resources; and the characteristics of the original Indigenous peoples of Arkansas by analyzing artifacts, artwork, and other sources.

Understand chronology, patterns of continuity, and change over time. This includes the contextualization of historical events and ways people gather, view, construct, and interpret historical evidence.

Create historical narratives using chronological sequences of related events in Arkansas and/or the world.<ul><li>Trail of Tears* and the Indian Removal Act</li><li>Arkansas Suffrage Movement and the 19th Amendment</li><li>Civil Rights Movement</li><li>Brown vs. the Board of Education* and Little Rock Nine</li></ul>

Interpret timelines to show relationships among people, events, and movements in Arkansas and/or the world between 1850-1880:<ul><li>In U.S. history, national expansion and reform, pioneer life, slavery</li><li>In Arkansas history, The Arkansas Traveler</li></ul>

Compare life from a specific historical time period to life today to explain changes over time (e.g., economic growth, urbanization, resources, population density, environmental issues).

Analyze the impact of individuals and events on the past, present, and future<ul><li>Thomas Jefferson</li><li>Alexander Hamilton</li><li>Thomas Paine</li><li>James and Dolley Madison</li><li>Abraham Lincoln</li><li>Role of women such as Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Dorothy Vaughan in STEM careers)</li></ul>

Reference historic places and national parks to guide inquiry about history.<ul><li>Toltec Mounds</li><li>Hot Springs National Park</li><li>Ouachita National Forest</li></ul>

Describe how perspectives of different individuals and groups shaped the historical sources they created.

Identify reasons that individuals and groups developed differing perspectives during the same historical period.

Develop original claims to answer compelling questions about a significant historical event or person from Arkansas or the United States using evidence from both primary and secondary sources.

Identify and discuss the benefits and challenges of using a variety of primary and secondary sources in historical inquiry (e.g., first-hand information and multiple perspectives versus author bias, incomplete information, and inaccurate interpretation).

Understand key historical periods from the beginning of civilization (World Era 1) through 1500 C.E. (World Era 5). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of nations and cultures of the world.

Understand key historical periods from the United States' Beginnings (Era 1) through 1850 (Era 4). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States.

Understand key historical periods from Civil War and Reconstruction (Era 5) to the Emergence of Modern America, 1890-1930 (Era 7). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States.

Understand key historical periods from the Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945 (Era 8), to the Contemporary United States, 1968 to Present (Era 10). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States

Understand key historical periods from the Emergence of the First Global Age, 1450-1770 (World Era 6), to the Twentieth Century Since 1945 (World Era 9). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of nations and cultures of the world.