High School ELA Arkansas Standards

Initiate and express ideas in a collaborative setting, using effective discussion strategies.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, using appropriate body language, tone, and pacing.

Demonstrate command of standard English when indicated or appropriate.

Recite a passage from a well-known poem, play, or speech.

Come to discussions prepared, citing researched evidence on the topic, text, or issue, and responding appropriately.

Set and follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, tracking progress towards specific goals and deadlines, and defining individual roles as needed.

Summarize points of agreement and/or disagreement from various perspectives, making new connections and justifying one's understanding of evidence and reasoning presented.

Integrate non-textual information, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of sources.

Evaluate a speaker's perspective, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying faulty reasoning.

Present claims, findings, and supporting evidence concisely, logically, and appropriately to purpose, audience, and task.

Support claims, central ideas, and/or themes with valid reasoning, relevant evidence, and well-chosen details.

Include relevant multimedia to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence.

Ensure pronouns have a clear antecedent and are appropriate in number and person.

Link two or more closely related independent clauses, using a semicolon and conjunctive adverb when applicable.

Use knowledge of reading foundational skills, spelling patterns, and generalizations such as syllable patterns, ending rules, and meaningful word parts (i.e., morphology) to spell correctly.

Use verbs effectively:<ul><li>Conditional and subjunctive mood</li><li>Shifts in mood and voice</li></ul>

Use modifiers effectively:<ul><li>Predicate adjectives</li></ul>

Correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.

Produce compound-complex sentences, using dependent clauses, subordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, correlative conjunctions, and coordinating conjunctions.

Use prepositional phrases effectively:<ul><li>Adjectival</li><li>Adverbial</li></ul>

Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add interest to writing and/or presentations.

Use parallel structure.

Introduce a list, quotation, or clarification, using a colon.

Provide an objective summary of a text.

Identify themes in works of American and/or world literature, including the ways in which writers incorporate ancient, mythological, and/or religious stories into their writings.

Analyze how an author introduces and develops central individuals, events, or ideas through description and sequencing.

Detail how an author uses structure to develop central ideas or claims through sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text.

Describe how an author uses rhetoric to advance the purpose, point of view, or perspective in a text.

Compare accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person's life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized and/or omitted in each account.

Evaluate the argument and supporting claims in a text, assessing the degree to which the reasoning is valid, the evidence is relevant and sufficient, and bias and fallacies are present.

Analyze two or more texts, noting how they address related themes and concepts.

Identify central ideas in works of literary nonfiction from American and/or world literary history.

Determine how a central idea and/or theme is developed over the course of a text, identifying which supporting details most contribute to the development of the central themes and/or ideas.

Cite text evidence that most strongly and thoroughly supports an analysis of what a text states, using background knowledge to justify inferences drawn from the text.

Demonstrate reading comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.

Describe how complex characters (e.g., static, dynamic, round) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, advance the plot, and/or develop the theme.

Explain how the overall structure and sequencing of a text enhances the mood, suspense, tension, and other literary devices.

Describe how characters' points of view (POV) and/or perspectives are shaped through experiences.

Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.

Analyze to what extent a contemporary or classical text reimagines and/or adapts the source material from which it derived.

Use general academic and content-specific words and phrases accurately, gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases.

Decode and encode words, using knowledge of Greek combining forms and Latin prefixes, bases, and suffixes and connectives as needed.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing from a range of effective techniques:<ul><li>Use common Greek or Latin affixes and roots (i.e., morphology),</li><li>Trace the origins of words (i.e., etymology),</li><li>Use context,</li><li>Consult reference materials to clarify pronunciation and/or parts of speech, and/or</li><li>Use word relationships such as cause and effect, part to whole, and item into category to clarify the meaning of each word.</li></ul>

Examine words with similar denotations, considering how connotation and nuance impact meaning, can change over time, and may be influenced regionally.

Determine how word choice impacts the overall meaning, style, and/or tone of a text, including how words affect a reader and/or audience.

Analyze the role of figurative language in context, including euphemism and oxymoron.

Compose an argument about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop claims supported by credible sources.</li><li>Distinguish alternate or opposing claims, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge and concerns.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive argumentative structure throughout.</li><li>Provide commentary to connect claims to the reasons and evidence.</li></ul>

Engage in the writing process (e.g., draft, revise, edit), addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Include headings, graphics, and various multimedia to support ideas and information.

Conform writing to style manual guidelines appropriate for the discipline and writing type, editing writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing.

Conduct short and sustained research synthesizing information from multiple sources to answer a question or solve a problem, narrowing or broadening the inquiry when appropriate.

Assess the credibility and accuracy of sources, using scholarly databases when appropriate.

Paraphrase, integrate, and/or embed select quotations to maintain the flow of ideas, crediting sources and/or authors and avoiding plagiarism.

Follow a standard citation format, including both in-text citations and a works cited or bibliography.

Write to inform about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop a topic with a clear preview of what is to follow.</li><li>Organize ideas, concepts, and information, using major sections.</li><li>Select well-chosen facts, extended definitions, quotations, commentary, and examples, making connections and distinctions when appropriate.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive informational structure and objective tone, clarifying the relationships among ideas, concepts, and information.</li></ul>

Write to express real or imagined experiences and/or events:<ul><li>Develop the topic, context, narrative elements, and one or more points of view and/or perspectives.</li><li>Select well-chosen, descriptive details, sensory language, and precise language, conveying a detailed picture of conflict, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Develop well-structured event sequences with multiple plot lines to enhance the relationships among ideas and experiences.</li><li>Use narrative techniques effectively.</li></ul>

Construct clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience.

Organize writing logically, composing an introduction, body, conclusion, and/or purposeful reflection when appropriate.

Use a variety of sentence types effectively.

Choose precise words, phrases, and clauses to clarify relationships among ideas, claims, counterclaims, reasons, and/or evidence.

Choose a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses effectively to connect ideas.

Write with stamina during single sessions and over extended periods of time.

Reading Information

Reading Literature

Speaking and Listening Comprehension

Vocabulary

Reading Comprehension

Reading Fundamentals

Style

Collaborative Communication

Structure

Language

Writing

Presentation

Production

Research

Conventions

Initiate and express ideas in a collaborative setting, using and adapting effective discussion strategies appropriately.

Adapt speech to a variety of audiences, contexts, and tasks, using appropriate body language, tone, style, and pacing.

Demonstrate command of standard English when indicated or appropriate.

Recite a passage from a well-known poem, play, or speech.

Come to discussions prepared to participate and/or facilitate, citing researched evidence on the topic, text, or issue, and responding appropriately.

Set and follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, tracking progress towards specific goals and deadlines, and defining individual roles as needed.

Synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on multiple sides of an issue, resolving contradictions when possible and determining what additional information or research is needed.

Integrate non-textual information from diverse forms of multimedia, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of sources.

Evaluate a speaker's perspective, reasoning, rhetoric, and use of evidence, assessing the effectiveness.

Present claims, findings, and supporting evidence concisely, logically, and appropriately to purpose, audience, and task.

Support claims, central ideas, and/or themes with valid reasoning, relevant evidence, and well-chosen details, addressing opposing perspectives as appropriate.

Include relevant multimedia to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence.

Ensure pronouns have a clear antecedent and are appropriate in number and person.

Use knowledge of reading foundational skills, spelling patterns, and generalizations such as syllable patterns, ending rules, and meaningful word parts (i.e., morphology) to spell correctly.

Use verbs effectively.

Correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.

Vary syntax for effect, consulting references for guidance as needed.

Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add interest to writing and/or presentations.

Use parallel structure.

Introduce a list, quotation, or clarification, using a colon.

Link two or more closely related independent clauses, using a semicolon and conjunctive adverb when applicable.

Separate elements in a sentence, using hyphens, commas, ellipses, dashes, and semicolons.

Provide an objective summary of a text.

Identify themes in works of American literature (1930-present), including the ways American writers incorporate ancient, mythological, and/or religious stories into their writings.

Identify themes in works of American literature, noting the dominant traits from Puritan, Colonial, American Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Realism, Naturalism, Modernist, and Contemporary periods.

Evaluate how an author develops and connects a complex set of central ideas and key details to enhance the overall meaning of a text.

Evaluate the syntax of a text, including the extent to which the points are clear, convincing, and engaging.

Evaluate how content, style, and/or use of rhetorical devices contribute to the purpose, point of view, perspective, and overall effectiveness of a text.

Evaluate information presented in a variety of formats and from multiple sources, identifying the information that best answers a question or solves a problem.

Evaluate the premise, reasoning, and validity of an argument in texts, including works of public advocacy and U.S. seminal documents.

Analyze documents of historical significance for their literary and rhetorical features, including U.S. documents when appropriate.

Identify central ideas in works of literary nonfiction from English and American literary history, including works written after 1930.

Determine how one or more complex central ideas and/or themes are developed over the course of a text, including how the supporting details interact and build upon one another.

Cite text evidence that strongly and thoroughly supports an analysis of what a text states and what the details imply, using background knowledge to determine which parts of the text are ambiguous and to justify inferences drawn from the text.

Demonstrate reading comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.

Describe how characterization, plot, setting, and other literary elements interact with and contribute to the development and complexity of a text.

Explain how syntax contributes to the overall meaning and/or style of a text.

Examine a text in which understanding the purpose, point of view (POV), and/or perspective requires the reader to distinguish between what the author states and what is implied through irony, sarcasm, understatement, and satire.

Evaluate how more than one portrayal of a story, drama, or poem represents and/or interprets the source text.

Analyze how two or more influential literary works from the same era address similar themes.

Use general academic and content-specific words and phrases accurately, gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases.

Recognize the major historical influences in the evolution of the English language (i.e., linguistics), including Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.

Decode and encode words, using knowledge of Greek combining forms and Latin prefixes, bases, and suffixes and connectives as needed.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing from a range of effective techniques:<ul><li>Use common Greek or Latin affixes and roots (i.e., morphology),</li><li>Trace the origins of words (i.e., etymology),</li><li>Use context,</li><li>Consult reference materials to clarify pronunciation and/or parts of speech or resolve issues of complex or contested usage, and/or</li><li>Use word relationships such as cause and effect, part to whole, and item into category to clarify the meaning of each word.</li></ul>

Examine words with similar denotations, considering how connotation and nuance impact meaning, can change over time, and may be influenced regionally.

Examine how word choice impacts the overall meaning, style, tone, or literary merit of a text, including how words affect a reader and/or audience.

Analyze the role of figurative language in context, including hyperbole and paradox.

Compose an argument about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop defensible and significant claims.</li><li>Distinguish alternate or opposing claims, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge and values.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive argumentative structure throughout.</li><li>Provide relevant commentary to connect claims to the reasons and evidence.</li></ul>

Engage in the writing process (e.g., draft, revise, edit), addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Include headings, graphics, and various multimedia to support ideas and information.

Conform writing to style manual guidelines appropriate for the discipline and writing type, editing writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing.

Conduct short and sustained research, synthesizing information from multiple sources to answer a question or solve a problem, narrowing or broadening the inquiry when appropriate.

Assess the credibility and accuracy of sources, using scholarly databases when appropriate.

Paraphrase, integrate, and/or embed select quotations to maintain the flow of ideas, crediting sources and/or authors and avoiding plagiarism.

Follow a standard citation format, including in-text citations and a literature review, works cited/references, or bibliography.

Write to inform about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop a topic addressing the most significant and relevant evidence.</li><li>Organize ideas, concepts, and information, using major sections and subtopics.</li><li>Select well-chosen facts, extended definitions, quotations, commentary, and examples, making connections and distinctions when appropriate.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive informational structure and objective tone, clarifying the relationships among ideas, concepts, and information.</li></ul>

Write to express real or imagined experiences and/or events:<ul><li>Develop the topic, context, narrative elements, and one or more points of view and/or perspectives.</li><li>Select well-chosen, descriptive details, sensory language, and precise language, conveying a detailed picture of conflict, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Develop well-structured event sequences with multiple plot lines to enhance the relationships among ideas and experiences.</li><li>Use narrative techniques effectively.</li></ul>

Construct clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience.

Organize writing purposefully, composing an introduction, outline, major sections, and/or reflection appropriate to the task and purpose.

Use a variety of sentence types effectively.

Choose precise words, phrases, and clauses to clarify relationships among ideas, commentary, claims, counterclaims, reasons, and/or evidence.

Choose a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses effectively to connect ideas.

Write with stamina over extended periods of time.

Speaking and Listening Comprehension

Language

Writing

Reading Literature

Structure

Research

Production

Reading Comprehension

Reading Fundamentals

Vocabulary

Collaborative Communication

Presentation

Conventions

Style

Reading Information

Initiate and express ideas in a collaborative setting, using and adapting effective discussion strategies appropriately.

Adapt speech to a variety of audiences, contexts, and tasks, using appropriate body language, tone, style, and pacing.

Demonstrate command of standard English when indicated or appropriate.

Recite a passage from a well-known poem, play, or speech.

Come to discussions prepared to participate and/or facilitate, citing researched evidence on the topic, text, or issue, and responding appropriately.

Set and follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, tracking progress towards specific goals and deadlines, and defining individual roles as needed.

Synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on multiple sides of an issue, resolving contradictions when possible and determining what additional information or research is needed.

Integrate non-textual information from multiple and diverse multimedia, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of sources.

Evaluate a speaker's perspective, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing the effectiveness.

Present claims, findings, and supporting evidence concisely, logically, and appropriately according to purpose, audience, and task.

Support claims, central ideas, and/or themes with valid reasoning, relevant evidence, and well-chosen details, addressing opposing perspectives as appropriate.

Include relevant multimedia to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence.

Ensure pronouns have a clear antecedent and are appropriate in number and person

Use knowledge of reading foundational skills, spelling patterns, and generalizations such as syllable patterns, ending rules, and meaningful word parts (i.e., morphology) to spell correctly.

Use verbs effectively.

Correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.

Vary syntax for effect, consulting references for guidance as needed.

Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add interest to writing and/or presentations.

Use parallel structure.

Introduce a list, quotation, or clarification, using a colon.

Link two or more closely related independent clauses, using a semicolon and conjunctive adverb when applicable.

Separate elements in a sentence, using hyphens, commas, ellipses, dashes, and semicolons.

Provide an objective summary of a text.

Identify themes in works of British literature (1450-present), including the ways British writers incorporate ancient, mythological, and/or religious stories into their writings.

Identify themes in works of British literature, noting the dominant traits from Medieval, Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Modern, and Post-Modern periods.

Evaluate how an author develops and connects a complex set of central ideas and key details, including how the central ideas and key details evolve, interact, and contribute to the overall meaning of a text.

Analyze the syntax of a text, including the extent to which it impacts the clarity, credibility, and appeal of the information presented.

Evaluate how content, style, and/or use of rhetorical devices contribute to the purpose, point of view, perspective, and overall effectiveness of a text.

Evaluate information presented in a variety of formats and from multiple sources, integrating the information that best answers a question or solves a problem.

Evaluate the premise, reasoning, and validity of an argument in texts, including works of public advocacy and seminal documents from outside the U.S.

Analyze documents of historical significance for their literary and rhetorical features, including documents from outside the U.S. when appropriate.

Identify central ideas in works of literary nonfiction from world literary history, including works written after 1450.

Determine how multiple complex central ideas and/or themes are developed over the course of a text, including how details interact and build upon one another.

Cite text evidence that strongly and thoroughly supports an analysis of what a text states, what the details imply, and what ambiguities are left to interpret, using background knowledge to justify inferences drawn from the text.

Demonstrate reading comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.

Examine how characterization, plot, setting, and other literary elements interact with and contribute to the development and complexity of a text.

Analyze how syntax contributes to the overall meaning and style of a text.

Examine a text in which understanding the purpose, point of view (POV), and/or perspective requires the reader to distinguish between what the author states and what is implied through irony, sarcasm, understatement, and satire, including how this contributes to a character's point of view and/or perspective.

Evaluate how various portrayals of a story, drama, or poem represent and/or interpret the original source material from which they were derived.

Analyze how two or more influential literary works from the same world era addresses similar themes.

Use general academic and content-specific words and phrases accurately, gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases.

Recognize the major historical influences in the evolution of the English language (i.e., linguistics), including Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.

Decode and encode words, using knowledge of Greek combining forms and Latin prefixes, bases, and suffixes and connectives as needed.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing from a range of effective techniques:<ul><li>Use common Greek or Latin affixes and roots (i.e., morphology),</li><li>Trace the origins of words (i.e., etymology),</li><li>Use context,</li><li>Consult reference materials to clarify pronunciation and/or parts of speech or resolve issues of complex or contested usage, and/or</li><li>Use word relationships such as cause and effect, part to whole, and item into category to clarify the meaning of each word.</li></ul>

Examine words with similar denotations, considering how connotation and nuance impact meaning, can change over time, and may be influenced regionally.

Examine how word choice impacts the overall meaning, style, tone, or literary merit of a text, including how words affect a reader and/or audience.

Analyze the role of figurative language in context, including hyperbole and paradox.

Compose an argument about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop defensible and significant claims.</li><li>Distinguish alternate or opposing claims, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge, values, and bias.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive argumentative structure throughout.</li><li>Provide relevant commentary to connect claims to the reasons and evidence.</li></ul>

Engage in the writing process (e.g., draft, revise, edit), addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Include headings, graphics, and various multimedia to support ideas and information.

Conform writing to style manual guidelines appropriate for the discipline and writing type, editing writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing.

Conduct short and sustained research projects synthesizing information from multiple sources to answer a question or solve a problem, narrowing or broadening the inquiry when appropriate.

Assess the credibility and accuracy of sources, using scholarly databases when appropriate.

Paraphrase, integrate, and/or embed select quotations to maintain the flow of ideas, crediting sources and/or authors and avoiding plagiarism.

Follow a standard citation format, including in-text citations, literature review, and a works cited/references or bibliography.

Write to inform about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop a topic addressing the most significant and relevant evidence.</li><li>Organize ideas, concepts, and information, using major sections and subtopics.</li><li>Select well-chosen facts, extended definitions, quotations, commentary, and examples, making connections and distinctions when appropriate.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive informational structure and objective tone, clarifying the relationships among ideas, concepts, and information.</li></ul>

Write to express real or imagined experiences and/or events:<ul><li>Develop the topic, context, narrative elements, and one or more points of view and/or perspectives.</li><li>Select well-chosen, descriptive details, sensory language, and precise language, conveying a detailed picture of conflict, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Develop well-structured event sequences with multiple plot lines to enhance the relationships among ideas and experiences.</li><li>Use narrative techniques effectively.</li></ul>

Construct clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience.

Organize writing purposefully, composing an introduction, outline, major sections, and/or reflection appropriate to the task and purpose.

Use a variety of sentence types effectively.

Choose precise words, phrases, and clauses to clarify relationships among ideas, commentary, claims, counterclaims, reasons, and/or evidence.

Choose a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses effectively to connect ideas.

Write with stamina over extended periods of time.

Speaking and Listening Comprehension

Vocabulary

Style

Reading Literature

Production

Collaborative Communication

Writing

Presentation

Research

Reading Comprehension

Reading Fundamentals

Reading Information

Structure

Language

Conventions

Initiate and express ideas in a collaborative setting, using effective discussion strategies.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, using appropriate body language, tone, and pacing.

Demonstrate command of standard English when indicated or appropriate.

Recite a passage from a well-known poem, play, or speech.

Come to discussions prepared, citing researched evidence on the topic, text, or issue, and responding appropriately.

Set and follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, tracking progress towards specific goals and deadlines and defining individual roles as needed.

Summarize points of agreement and/or disagreement from various perspectives, justifying one's understanding of evidence and reasoning presented.

Integrate non-textual information, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of sources.

Evaluate a speaker's perspective, reasoning, and use of evidence, identifying faulty reasoning.

Present claims and supporting evidence concisely and logically appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.

Support claims, central ideas, and/or themes with valid reasoning, relevant evidence, and well-chosen details.

Include relevant multimedia to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and/or evidence.

Ensure pronouns have a clear antecedent and are appropriate in number and person.

Set off restrictive, nonrestrictive, and parenthetical elements, using commas, parentheses, and dashes.

Introduce a list, quotation, or clarification, using a colon.

Link two or more closely related independent clauses, using a semicolon and conjunctive adverb when applicable.

Use knowledge of reading foundational skills, spelling patterns, and generalizations such as syllable patterns, ending rules, and meaningful word parts (i.e., morphology) to spell correctly.

Use verbs effectively:<ul><li>Conditional and subjunctive mood</li><li>Shifts in mood and voice</li><li>Active and passive voice</li></ul>

Use verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) correctly.

Use modifiers effectively:<ul><li>Predicate adjectives</li></ul>

Correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.

Produce compound-complex sentences, using dependent clauses, subordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, correlative conjunctions, and coordinating conjunctions.

Use prepositional phrases effectively:<ul><li>Adjectival</li><li>Adverbial</li></ul>

Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add interest to writing and/or presentations.

Use parallel structure.

Provide an objective summary of a text.

Identify a theme in an original, adapted, or modernized drama, poem, folktale, or story from Arkansas or regional literature, explaining its historical and/or contemporary significance.

Analyze how an author introduces and develops a central individual, event, or idea through description and sequencing.

Detail how an author uses structure to develop a central idea or claim through sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text.

Describe how an author uses rhetoric to advance the purpose, point of view, or perspective of a text.

Compare accounts of a subject told in different multimedia, determining which details are emphasized in each account.

Evaluate the argument and supporting claims in a text, assessing the degree to which the evidence is relevant and sufficient, the reasoning is valid, and false statements are present.

Compare and contrast two or more texts, noting how they address related themes and concepts.

Identify a central idea in a non-fiction work from or about Arkansas or regional literature, explaining its historical and/or contemporary significance.

Determine how a central idea and/or theme is developed over the course of a text, identifying which supporting details most contribute to the development of a central theme and/or idea.

Cite text evidence that most strongly and thoroughly supports an analysis of what a text states, using background knowledge to justify inferences drawn from the text.

Demonstrate reading comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.

Describe how a complex character (e.g., static, dynamic, round) develops over the course of a text, interacts with other characters, advances the plot, and/or develops the theme.

Explain how the overall structure and sequencing of a text enhances the mood, suspense, and tension.

Describe how a character's point of view (POV) and/or perspective is shaped through experiences.

Compare and contrast the representation of a subject or key scene in two artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.

Analyze how a contemporary or classical text reimagines and/or adapts the source material from which it was derived.

Use general academic and content-specific words and phrases accurately, gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases.

Decode and encode words, using knowledge of Greek combining forms and Latin prefixes, bases, and suffixes and connectives as needed.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing from a range of effective techniques:<ul><li>Use common Greek or Latin affixes and roots (i.e., morphology),</li><li>Trace the origins of words (i.e., etymology),</li><li>Use context,</li><li>Consult reference materials to clarify pronunciation and/or parts of speech, and/or</li><li>Use word relationships such as cause and effect, part to whole, and item into category to clarify the meaning of each word.</li></ul>

Examine words with similar denotations, considering how connotation and nuance impact meaning, can change over time, and may be influenced regionally.

Determine how word choice impacts the overall meaning, style, and/or tone of a text, including how words affect a reader and/or audience.

Analyze the role of figurative language in context, including euphemism and oxymoron.

Compose an argument about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop claims supported by credible sources.</li><li>Distinguish alternate or opposing claims, including the strengths and weaknesses of each in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge and concerns.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive argumentative structure throughout.</li><li>Provide commentary to connect claims to the reasons and evidence.</li></ul>

Engage in the writing process (e.g., draft, revise, edit), addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Include headings, graphics, and various multimedia to support ideas and information.

Conform writing to style manual guidelines appropriate for the discipline and writing type, editing writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing.

Conduct short and sustained research to answer a question or solve a problem, narrowing or broadening the inquiry when appropriate.

Assess the credibility, accuracy, and usefulness of sources, using a scholarly database when appropriate.

Paraphrase and/or embed select quotations to maintain the flow of ideas, crediting sources and/or authors and avoiding plagiarism.

Follow a standard citation format, including both in-text citations and a works cited or bibliography.

Write to inform about a complex topic:<ul><li>Develop a topic with a clear preview of what is to follow.</li><li>Organize ideas, concepts, and information, using major sections</li><li>Select well-chosen facts, extended definitions, quotations, commentary, and/or examples, making connections and distinctions when appropriate.</li><li>Maintain a cohesive informational structure, clarifying the relationships among ideas, concepts, and information.</li></ul>

Write to express real or imagined experiences and/or events:<ul><li>Develop the topic, context, narrative elements, and point of view and/or perspective.</li><li>Select well-chosen, descriptive details, sensory language, and precise language, conveying a detailed picture of conflict, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Develop a well-structured event sequence and plot line to enhance the relationships among ideas and experiences.</li><li>Use narrative techniques effectively.</li></ul>

Construct clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience.

Organize writing logically, composing an introduction, body, conclusion, and/or purposeful reflection when appropriate.

Use a variety of sentence types effectively.

Choose precise words, phrases, and clauses to clarify relationships among ideas, claims, counterclaims, reasons, and/or evidence.

Choose a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses effectively to connect ideas.

Write with stamina during single sessions and over extended periods of time.

Research

Vocabulary

Reading Information

Collaborative Communication

Writing

Language

Reading Comprehension

Reading Literature

Style

Structure

Speaking and Listening Comprehension

Reading Fundamentals

Conventions

Production

Presentation

An ELL can construct meaning from oral presentations and literary and informational text through grade-appropriate listening, reading, and viewing.

use a very limited set of strategies to:

identify a few key words and phrases in oral communications and simple oral and written texts.

use an emerging set of strategies to:

●identify the main topic

retell a few key details in oral presentations and simple oral and written texts.

use a developing set of strategies to:

determine the central idea or theme in oral presentations and written texts

explain how the theme is developed by specific details in the texts

summarize part of the text.

use an increasing range of strategies to:

determine two central ideas or themes in oral presentations and written texts

analyze the development of the themes/ideas

cite specific details and evidence from the texts to support the analysis

summarize a simple text.

use a wide range of strategies to:

determine central ideas or themes in presentations and written texts

analyze the development of the themes/ideas

cite specific details and evidence from the texts to support the analysis

summarize a text.

An ELL can make accurate use of standard English to communicate in grade-appropriate speech and writing.

with support (including modeled sentences),

recognize and use a small number of frequently occurring nouns, noun phrases, verbs, conjunctions, and prepositions

understand and respond to simple questions.

with support (including modeled sentences),

use frequently occurring verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions

produce simple and compound sentences.

with support (including modeled sentences),

use simple phrases (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverbial, prepositional)

use simple clauses (e.g., independent, dependent, relative, adverbial)

produce and expand simple, compound and a few complex sentences.

Level 4

use increasingly complex phrases (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverbial and participial, prepositional, and absolute)

use increasingly complex clauses

produce and expand simple, compound, and complex sentences.

Level 5

use complex phrases and clauses

produce and expand simple, compound, and complex sentences.

An ELL can participate in grade-appropriate oral and written exchanges of information, ideas, and analyses, responding to peer, audience, or reader comments and questions.

Level 1

participate in short conversational and written exchanges on familiar topics

present information

respond to simple yes/no questions and some wh- questions.

Level 2

participate in short conversational and written exchanges on familiar topics and texts

present information and ideas

respond to simple questions and wh-questions.

Level 3

participate in conversations, discussions, and written exchanges on familiar topics, texts, and issues

build on the ideas of others

express his or her own ideas

ask and answer relevant questions

add relevant information and evidence

restate some of the key ideas expressed.

Level 4

participate in conversations, discussions, and written exchanges on a range of topics, texts, and issues

build on the ideas of others

express his or her own ideas clearly

support points with specific and relevant evidence

ask and answer questions to clarify ideas and conclusions

summarize the key points expressed.

Level 5

participate in extended conversations, discussions, and written exchanges on a range of substantive topics, texts, and issues

build on the ideas of others

express his or her own ideas clearly and persuasively

refer to specific and relevant evidence from texts or research to support his or her ideas

ask and answer questions that probe reasoning and claims

summarize the key points and evidence discussed.

An ELL can speak and write about grade-appropriate complex literary and informational texts and topics.

with support (including modeled sentences), about familiar texts, topics, and experiences.

communicate information

with support (including modeled sentences), about familiar texts, topics, experiences, or events.

deliver short oral presentations

compose written narratives or informational texts

with support (including modeled sentences), about familiar texts, topics, or events.

deliver short oral presentations

compose written informational texts

develop the topic with a few details

about a variety of texts, topics, or events.

deliver oral presentations

compose written informational texts

develop the topic with some relevant details, concepts, examples, and information

integrate graphics or multimedia when useful

out a variety of texts, topics, or events.

deliver oral presentations

compose written informational texts

fully develop the topic with relevant details, concepts, examples, and information

integrate graphics or multimedia when useful

An ELL can . . . construct grade-appropriate oral and written claims and support them with reasoning and evidence.

Level 1

express an opinion about a familiar topic.

Level 2

construct a claim about familiar topics

introduce the topic

give a reason to support the claim

provide a concluding statement.

Level 3

construct a claim about familiar topics

introduce the topic

provide sufficient reasons or facts to support the claim

provide a concluding statement.

Level 4

construct a claim about a variety of topics

introduce the topic

provide logically ordered reasons or facts that effectively support the claim

provide a concluding statement.

Level 5

construct a substantive claim about a variety of topics

introduce the claim

distinguish it from a counter-claim

provide logically ordered and relevant reasons and evidence to support the claim and to refute the counter-claim

provide a conclusion that summarizes the argument presented.

An ELL can conduct research and evaluate and communicate findings to answer questions or solve problems.

Level 1

gather information from a few provided print and digital sources

label collected information, experiences, or events.

Level 2

gather information from provided print and digital sources

summarize data and information.

Level 3

carry out short research projects to answer a question

gather information from multiple provided print and digital sources

evaluate the reliability of each source

paraphrase key information in a short written or oral report

include illustrations, diagrams, or other graphics

provide a list of sources.

Level 4

carry out both short and more sustained research projects to answer a question

gather and synthesize information from multiple print and digital sources

use search terms effectively

evaluate the reliability of each source

integrate information into an organized oral or written report

cite sources appropriately.

Level 5

carry out both short and more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem

gather and synthesize information from multiple print and digital sources

use advanced search terms effectively

evaluate the reliability of each source

analyze and integrate information into a clearly organized oral or written text

cite sources appropriately.

An ELL can analyze and critique the arguments of others orally and in writing.

Level 1

identify a point an author or a speaker makes.

Level 2

identify the main argument an author or speaker makes

identify one reason an author or a speaker gives to support the argument.

Level 3

explain the reasons an author or a speaker gives to support a claim

cite textual evidence to support the analysis.

Level 4

analyze the reasoning and use of rhetoric in persuasive texts or speeches, including documents of historical and literary significance,

determine whether the evidence is sufficient to support the claim, and

cite textual evidence to support the analysis.

Level 5

analyze and evaluate the reasoning and use of rhetoric in persuasive texts, including documents of historical and literary significance,

determine whether the evidence is sufficient to support the claim, and

cite specific textual evidence to thoroughly support the analysis.

An ELL can adapt language choices to purpose, task, and audience when speaking and writing.

Level 1

recognize the meaning of some words learned through conversations, reading, and being read to.

Level 2

adapt language choices to task and audience with emerging control

use some frequently occurring general academic and contentspecific words in conversation and discussion.

Level 3

adapt language choices and style according to purpose, task, and audience with developing ease

use an increasing number of general academic and contentspecific words and expressions in speech and written text

show developing control of style and tone in oral or written text.

Level 4

adapt language choices and style according to purpose, task, and audience

use a wider range of complex general academic and contentspecific words and phrases

adopt and maintain a formal style in speech and writing, as appropriate.

Level 5

adapt language choices and style according to purpose, task, and audience with ease

use a wide variety of complex general academic and contentspecific words and phrases

employ both formal and more informal styles effectively, as appropriate.

An ELL can determine the meaning of words and phrases in oral presentations and literary and informational text.

relying heavily on context, visual aids, and knowledge of morphology in their native language, in texts about familiar topics, experiences, or events.

recognize the meaning of a few frequently occurring words, simple phrases, and formulaic expressions

using context, visual aids, reference materials, and knowledge of morphology in their native language, in texts about familiar topics, experiences, or events.

determine the meaning of frequently occurring words, phrases, and expressions

using context, some visual aids, reference materials, and a developing knowledge of English morphology (e.g., affixes and root words), in texts about familiar topics, experiences, or events.

determine the meaning of general academic and contentspecific words and phrases and frequently occurring expressions

using context, increasingly complex visual aids, reference materials, and an increasing knowledge of English morphology, in texts about a variety of topics, experiences, or events.

determine the meaning of general academic and contentspecific words and phrases, figurative and connotative language, and a growing number of idiomatic expressions

using context, complex visual aids, reference materials, and consistent knowledge of English morphology, in texts about a variety of topics, experiences, or events.

determine the meaning of general academic and contentspecific words and phrases, figurative and connotative language (e.g., irony, hyperbole), and idiomatic expressions

An ELL can create clear and coherent gradeappropriate speech and text.

with support (including context and visual aids) and non-verbal communication, with limited control.

communicate basic information about an event or topic

use a narrow range of vocabulary and syntactically simple sentences

with support (including modeled sentences), with emerging control.

recount a short sequence of events in order, and

introduce an informational topic

provide one or two facts about the topic

use common linking words to connect events and ideas (e.g., first, next, because)

with developing control.

recount a sequence of events, with a beginning, middle, and end

introduce and develop an informational topic with facts and details

use common transitional words and phrases to connect events, ideas, and opinions (e.g., after a while, for example, as a result)

provide a conclusion

with increasingly independent control.

recount a longer, more detailed sequence of events or steps in a process, with a clear sequential or chronological structure

introduce and develop an informational topic with facts, details, and evidence

use a variety of more complex transitions to link the major sections of text and speech and to clarify relationships among events and ideas

provide a concluding section or statement

Level 5

recount a complex and detailed sequence of events or steps in a process, with an effective sequential or chronological order

introduce and effectively develop an informational topic with facts, details, and evidence

use complex and varied transitions to link the major sections of text and speech and to clarify relationships among events and ideas

provide a concluding section or statement.